EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
Lumma Infostealer is an information-stealing malware offered through a Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) model, enabling even low-skilled threat actors to purchase, deploy, and manage the malware for profit. Its main objective is to harvest sensitive data such as browser-stored credentials, cookies, session tokens, cryptocurrency wallet files, and system information. The stolen data is often sold or reused in follow-up attacks, including financial fraud, ransomware deployment, or network intrusion. Lumma has gained popularity among cybercriminals due to its reliability, affordability, and frequent developer updates. This trend represents a growing risk for both individuals and enterprises, as credential theft directly undermines account security and facilitates lateral movement within networks. The increasing ease of access to tools like Lumma is driving a surge in infostealer incidents globally, emphasizing the importance of strengthening endpoint security, implementing multi-factor authentication, and monitoring for abnormal login patterns that could indicate credential compromise.
From a technical standpoint, Lumma employs multiple infection vectors to expand its reach. It spreads primarily through phishing campaigns, malicious advertisements, cracked software installers, and deceptive CAPTCHA pages that trick users into executing the payload. Once active, Lumma rapidly gathers browser credentials, cookies, autofill data, VPN profiles, and cryptocurrency wallet information. It leverages anti-analysis techniques such as sandbox and virtual machine detection, process injection, and encrypted payloads to bypass security tools. Communication with command-and-control (C2) servers is encrypted, allowing for secure transmission of stolen data and dynamic configuration updates. Its infrastructure is designed for resilience, frequently rotating C2 domains to avoid detection and takedowns. Lumma’s modular structure enables affiliates to customize which data types are collected or to include additional payloads. The malware prioritizes stealth and persistence, ensuring infected devices continuously exfiltrate valuable information. It also supports automated data reporting, allowing attackers to organize and manage stolen credentials efficiently.
Lumma Infostealer continues to evolve, positioning itself as one of the most active and commercially successful infostealer threats in operation. Its MaaS model and frequent updates ensure adaptability against new defensive measures, while its decentralized infrastructure complicates disruption efforts. Effective mitigation therefore relies on proactive and layered defense strategies. Organizations should deploy behavior-based endpoint detection, enforce least-privilege access, and segment networks to reduce the impact of credential theft. Strengthening password policies, implementing multi-factor authentication, and raising user awareness are essential steps toward reducing exposure. Continuous monitoring for suspicious activity and rapid incident response can significantly limit data loss and unauthorized access. Lumma’s persistence and profitability demonstrate how the infostealer ecosystem has matured into a structured cybercriminal enterprise—one that demands ongoing vigilance, intelligence sharing, and adaptive security practices to counter its growing threat.
THREAT PROFILE:
| Tactic | Technique ID | Technique | Sub-Technique |
| Initial access | T1566.002 | Phishing | Spearphishing Link |
| Execution | T1204.002 | User Execution | Malicious File |
| Persistence | T1547.001 | Boot or Logon Autostart Execution | Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder |
| Defence Evasion | T1027 | Obfuscated Files or Information | — |
| Credential access | T1555.003 | Credentials from Password Stores | Credentials from Web Browsers |
| Command and control | T1071.001 | Application Layer Protocol | Web Protocols |
| Exfiltration | T1041 | Exfiltration Over C2 Channel | — |
MBC MAPPING:
| Objective | Behaviour ID | Behaviour |
| Execution | E1204 | User Execution |
| Privilege Escalation | E1055 | Process Injection |
| Persistence | F0012 | Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder |
| Anti-Static Analysis | B0032 | Executable Code Obfuscation |
| Collection | F0002 | Keylogging |
| Communication Micro-objective | C0002 | HTTP Communication |
REFERENCES:
The following reports contain further technical details: